One allele is generally dominant, meaning it is expressed if it is present at all. In classical genetics, each phenotype is determined by a combination of two alleles contributed by two copies of the same (but not necessarily identical) chromosome. ![]() Pedigrees show the distribution of a single observable trait, or phenotype, across a family tree. PCAT exam practice test questions PCAT exam practice test questions. ![]() 64 is the correct frequency of individuals expressing the dominant trait, and choice D is correct. The individuals expressing the dominant trait are those that have the pp and pq genotypes, so to find the total frequency of individuals expressing the dominant trait, you add p 2 and 2pq. Next, you need to determine the frequency of individuals expressing the dominant trait by recessive qq genotypes and 2pq represents the frequency of heterozygotes, or hybrids.applying the second relationship, p 2 + 2 pq+ q 2 = 1. p 2 represents homozygous, or dominant pp genotypes q 2 represents homozygous, or frequency of the dominant allele, p, by the mathematical relationship p + q = 1. The second relationship, p 2 + 2 pq+ q 2 = 1, describes the relative genotypic frequencies in the population. p is defined as the frequency of the dominant allele and q is defined as the frequency of the recessive allele, and the sum of both those frequencies adds up to 1, or 100%. The first relationship, p + q = 1, describes the relative allelic frequencies in a population. Two mathematical expressions are associated with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that within a genetically stable population, the gene frequencies of dominant and recessive alleles will not change over time. This question involves a practical application of the Hardy-Weinberg equation. However, before you do that, you need to determine the allelic frequencies in the population. The question stem asks you to determine the frequency of individuals expressing the dominant trait in a genetically stable population. Thus, 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4, so the probability that this couple will have a child with the genotype GgHH is 1/4, or choice C. The probability of producing a genotype that requires the occurrence of both these independent events is equal to the product of the individual probabilities that these events will occur. Thus, the probability of the father donating a GH gamete is 1/2, and the probability of the mother donating a gH gamete is 1/2. The probability that one parent will donate a particular gamete is independent of the probability that the other parent will donate a particular gamete. Thus, a GgHH zygote can only be produced by the fusion of a GH gamete and a gH gamete. The probability of the father’s genotype (GgHH) appearing in the progeny can be determined by calculating the number of different gamete combinations that will produce this genotype. The father can produce the gametes GH and gH, and the mother can produce the gametes gH and gh. By applying Mendel’s Laws, we can conclude that each parent in the problem can produce two possible gametes. Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment states that unlinked genes assort independently during meiosis. Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that alleles segregate during meiosis, resulting in gametes that carry only one allele for any given inherited trait (i.e., haploid gametes). This is a “probability” genetics question that can be answered by practical application of Mendel’s Laws. PCAT exam practice test questions If you wait until the “Late Registration and Schedule” deadline, you will be charged additional fees, with no guarantee that you will get your preferred testing date, time, and location. If you meet the “Registration and Schedule” deadline, you will likely get your preferred testing date, time, and location. For the 2018–2019 testing cycle, the standard administration of the PCAT will occur on one or more dates in July, September, October, November, January and February. The Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT®) is administered in a computer-based test (CBT) format. The PCAT is constructed specifically for colleges of pharmacy. It measures general academic ability and scientific knowledge necessary for the commencement of pharmaceutical education. The PCAT is a specialized test that helps identify qualified applicants to pharmacy colleges. ![]() PCAT exam practice test questions About the PCAT
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